Literature Review on Brucellosis in Bolivia.

Abstract

Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It affects both animals and humans, manifesting with symptoms such as fever, night sweats, and muscle and joint pain. In Bolivia, it represents a significant public health challenge, especially in rural areas where livestock farming is predominant. Methodology: An exhaustive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO using keywords related to brucellosis and Bolivia. Studies published between 2000 and 2019 that provided relevant data were included. Studies not focused on Bolivia, articles without specific data, isolated case reports, and duplicate publications or those with significant methodological deficiencies were excluded. Results: Brucellosis is endemic in Bolivia, primarily affecting rural populations. The prevalence varies by region, with higher rates in areas with a high density of livestock. The main reservoirs are cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs, and transmission to humans occurs mainly through contact with infected animals or unpasteurized dairy products. In humans, symptoms include fever, night sweats, and joint pain. Complications can be severe if not treated adequately. Treatment includes prolonged use of antibiotics such as doxycycline and rifampicin. Discussion: Compared to other Latin American countries, Bolivia faces similar challenges in controlling brucellosis due to the lack of adequate health infrastructure and limited resources. The integration of public health and veterinary measures, along with community education and improved animal management practices, are essential to control the disease. Strengthening control programs, improving diagnosis and treatment, and promoting research are priorities to reduce the burden of brucellosis in Bolivia.