Hanseniasis in Bolivia.

Abstract

Introduction: Hanseniasis, or leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, which affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes. If left untreated, it can cause permanent disabilities. In Bolivia, it is a public health challenge due to poverty, lack of access to healthcare services, and stigma.

Methodology: For this review, an exhaustive search was conducted in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, using keywords like “hanseniasis”, “leprosy”, “Bolivia”, “epidemiology”, “treatment” and “prevention”. Studies published between 2000 and 2019 that provided relevant data on hanseniasis in Bolivia were included.

Results: The prevalence of hanseniasis in Bolivia has significantly decreased due to control and treatment efforts, although cases are still reported annually, especially in rural and indigenous areas. In 2018, 53 new cases were reported, with higher incidence in Beni, Pando, and Santa Cruz. Transmission mainly occurs through close contact with untreated individuals.

Discussion: Compared to other Latin American countries, Bolivia faces persistent challenges in hanseniasis due to geographical dispersion and socioeconomic conditions. Brazil serves as a successful model, but Bolivia needs adequate resources and intersectoral collaboration. Strengths: integral approach. Limitations: data heterogeneity and lack of longitudinal studies.