Factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders of the lumbar spine in civil construction workers. Occupational Surveillance Program. Lima – Perú.

Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders that affect the nerves, tendons, muscles and supporting structures such as the intervertebral discs that result from an effort beyond what they are capable of withstanding. Therefore, the purpose is to determine the factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the lumbar spine, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, in civil construction workers of an Occupational Surveillance Program of a company in Lima. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective research. 385 magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine of civil construction workers from an occupational surveillance program carried out in 2014 and 2015 were reviewed. A statistical analysis was applied comparing characteristics between the groups of patients with and without musculoskeletal disorders. The sampling was non-probabilistic, for convenience, including a total of 385 cases, the universe being equal to the sample. The statistical program STATA 16 was used, the measures of central tendency and the bivariate analysis of Chi square and Student's T were performed, considering a significance value of p < 0.001. Results: 41% did not present musculoskeletal disorders. 49.6% presented compression of the neural foramen, 42.9% disc protrusion, 18.2% disc prominence, 16.1% narrowing of the lateral recesses and 13.2% rectification of the lumbar lordosis. 58.4% have some disorder and the presence of pain is reported in 1.3% of patients. It was found that the average age is higher in the group with the disorder, as well as the working time and married marital status. Discussion: The associated factors were age, working time and married marital status.