Diagnostic efficiency in canine distemper: Comparative evaluation of three techniques in the Veterinary of Guadalupe

Abstract

Introduction: Canine distemper, caused by the CDV virus, is a globally contagious disease. Despite vaccination, it remains a concern due to post-vaccination variability. Its severity, impact on dog populations and the need for prevention strategies are highlighted worldwide and in Bolivia, where the prevalence can be significant. This study compares diagnostic techniques and seeks to improve the timely detection of distemper. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a canine population of 250-300 patients per month. The convenience sample included 40 dogs with symptoms of canine distemper treated in 6 months, of both sexes, different ages and health plans. Specimens for conjunctival swab, blood plasma, and inclusion body search tests followed standard protocols and were diagnosed by analysis (Diff-Quick stains, direct microscopy, and rapid distemper kit). Descriptive and chi-square statistics were used to analyze the results of the diagnostic tests, identify patterns and evaluate their effectiveness. Results: Regarding the comparison between incidence proportions with the three different treatment tests, it was determined that they have different efficiency. The conjunctival swab showed greater sensitivity when detecting more positives, while the blood plasma had greater specificity when correctly identifying the true negatives. Discussion: The results of our research are consistent with those of previous studies. The choice of test depends on the context: for mass campaigns, sensitivity (swab) is prioritized, and for vaccination with live viruses, high specificity (plasma) is required. The Lenz inclusion body analyses had intermediate values in sensitivity and specificity, positioning themselves as a versatile option. The importance of considering multiple factors in the interpretation of results for an accurate diagnosis is highlighted.