Analysis of Adherence to the BCG Vaccination Protocol in Newborns: A Retrospective Study at the Alalay Health Center, Cochabamba.

Abstract

Introduction: Early vaccination, especially with the BCG vaccine, is key to preventing tuberculosis, particularly in areas with high incidence. The WHO recommends administering it within the first few days of life. Studies indicate that the vaccine is effective even in premature babies. Analyzing the optimal timing for its application is relevant, especially in places like the Alalay Health Center area in Cochabamba. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive quantitative approach with a retrospective methodological design to assess the timing of BCG vaccine administration in newborns at the Alalay Health Center in Cochabamba in 2021. The sample included 531 vaccinated babies, ensuring a representative statistical analysis. Data were collected from the PAI program's vaccination notebook using SOAPS software, and analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics to understand the vaccine's effectiveness based on the timing of vaccination. Results: The study at the Alalay Health Center in Cochabamba found that the majority of newborns received the BCG vaccine early, following international recommendations. Specifically, 74.6% (396 babies) were vaccinated within the first three days, ensuring rapid immunization. Another 122 babies (23.0%) were vaccinated before one month, and a small group of 13 babies (2.4%) before their first year. Discussion:

The results from the Alalay Health Center study highlight high adherence to WHO recommendations for vaccinating against tuberculosis within the first 3 days. While 74.6% meet this deadline, 23% are vaccinated before the month and 2.4% after the year, showing areas for improvement in logistics and education. Early administration is crucial, according to other studies, emphasizing the need for robust health policies and community education to optimize early vaccination.