Perinatal maternal risk factors associated with macrosomia in newborns in EsSalud Juliaca-Puno hospitals

Abstract

Introduction: The geography in which the beginnings of motherhood unfold play a determining role in the southern region of Peru, given that there are various causes for the presence and development of perinatal maternal risk associated with macrosomia. The study aimed to determine the perinatal maternal risk factors associated with macrosomia in newborns at EsSalud hospitals in Puno and Juliaca. Methodology: The research was carried out under the quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design and the subjects of the sample were assigned by the non-probabilistic method, applying the clinical record to record the information on the study variables. Results: The approach was developed at three levels: (i) in the Hospital EsSalud Puno macrosomic births of grade 1 predominate with 85.7% and grade 2 with 14.3%, in turn in Juliaca, it is appreciated that it is more grade 1 macrosomia is frequent with 87.0% and grade 2 macrosomia with 13.0%. (ii) 32.1% of grade 1 macrosomic newborns in the Puno Hospital were born to mothers aged 25 to 29 years, 53.6% to mothers with a height of 1.51 to 1.59 cm; 39.3% normal weight mothers, 42.9% multiparous; 85.7% without a history of macrosomia; 53.6% were male and 50.0% between 40 and 41 weeks of gestation. (iii) in the Juliaca Hospital, 39.1% of macrosomic neonates were born to mothers over 35 years of age, 56.5% of mothers with a height of 1.51 to 1.59 cm, 34.8% of mothers obese, 39.1% highly multiparous, 87.0% without a history of macrosomia, 62.5% male, and 56.5% gestational age between 40 and 41 weeks. Conclusion: Maternal factors such as maternal age, pre-pregnancy weight, parity and perinatal factor, history of macrosomia, are significantly associated (p<0.05) with macrosomic birth.